Firstly make sure to remove the heat source immediately
Sounds obvious, but seconds matter.
Move away from the flame, hot oil, or steam.
Take off jewelry or tight clothing near the burn before swelling starts
Number 2.
Cool — don’t freeze — the burn
Run cool or lukewarm water over it for 20 minutes.
Never use ice or very cold water it cuts blood flow and deepens the damage.
Number 3
Assess the Burn — Know What You’re Dealing With
Because the right response depends on how deep the burn goes 
For First-Degree Burn (Superficial)
•Looks like: Red, dry, and painful — like a mild sunburn.
•What to do: Cool the area with lukewarm water for 15–20 minutes, apply aloe vera or burn gel, and keep it clean.
Heals completely — no risk of contracture.
Second-Degree Burn (Partial-Thickness)
•Looks like: Blisters, swelling, shiny or wet surface, very painful.
•What to do: Cool gently with lukewarm water, don’t pop blisters, cover with sterile gauze, and get medical care — infection risk is high.
If not cleaned and dressed properly, infection and scarring can lead to skin tightening and mild contracture — especially around joints like fingers or elbows.
Third-Degree Burn (Full-Thickness)
•Looks like: White, brown, or charred skin. May feel numb.
•What to do: Do not use water or remove stuck clothing. Cover with a clean, dry cloth and call emergency services immediately.
High risk of contracture.
The deeper the burn, the more likely skin grafting and physiotherapy will be needed to prevent permanent stiffness or deformity.
Fourth-Degree Burn (Deep Burn)
•Looks like: Blackened or exposed muscle/bone — often painless due to nerve destruction.
•What to do: Call for emergency help immediately.
Cover with a clean, dry cloth, keep the person warm, and treat for shock until help arrives.
Very high risk of severe contracture and disability without immediate surgical care and long-term rehab.
Quick Tip:
If it blisters — cover it.
If it’s white or black — call for help.
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